Date: 5/15/2023
Form: 10-Q - Quarterly Report
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
For
the quarterly period ended
For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission
File Number:
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices, including zip code) |
| (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule
405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer,” "accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☐ Large accelerated filer | ☐ Accelerated filer | |
| X | ||
If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No
As
of May 12, 2023, the registrant had issued and outstanding (i)
RUMBLE INC.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Quarterly Report”) contains forward-looking statements regarding, among other things, our plans, strategies and prospects, both business and financial. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot provide assurance that we will achieve or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Generally, statements that are not historical facts, including statements concerning possible or assumed future actions, business strategies, events or results of operations, are forward-looking statements. The words "anticipate,” "believe,” "continue,” "could,” "estimate,” "expect,” "intend,” "may,” "might,” "plan,” "possible,” "potential,” "predict,” "project,” "should,” "would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Investors should read statements that contain these words carefully because they discuss future expectations, contain projects of future results of operations or financial condition; or state other "forward-looking” information. Forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Quarterly Report and may involve significant judgments and assumptions, known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside our control. There may be events in the future that management is not able to predict accurately or over which we have no control. We do not undertake any obligation to update to otherwise correct any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events, inaccuracies that become apparent after the date hereof or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable laws. The risk factors and cautionary language contained in this Quarterly Report provide examples of risks, uncertainties, and events that may cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations described in such forward-looking statements, including among other things:
| ● | our ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination (as defined below), which may be affected by, among other things, our ability to grow and manage growth profitably, maintain relationships with customers, compete within our industry and retain key employees; |
| ● | the possibility that we may be adversely impacted by economic, business, and/or competitive factors; |
| ● | our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects; |
| ● | our inability to effectively manage future growth and achieve operational efficiencies; |
| ● | our recent and rapid growth may not be indicative of future performance; |
| ● | we may not continue to grow or maintain our active user base, and may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability; |
| ● | spam activity, including inauthentic and fraudulent user activity, if undetected, may contribute, from time to time, to some amount of overstatement of our performance indicators; |
| ● | we collect, store, and process large amounts of user video content and personal information of our users and subscribers. If our security measures are breached, our sites and applications may be perceived as not being secure, traffic and advertisers may curtail or stop viewing our content or using our services, our business and operating results could be harmed, and we could face governmental investigations and legal claims from users and subscribers; |
| ● | we may fail to comply with applicable privacy laws; |
| ● | we are subject to cybersecurity risks and interruptions or failures in our information technology systems and as we grow and gain recognition, we will likely need to expend additional resources to enhance our protection from such risks. Notwithstanding our efforts, a cyber incident could occur and result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss; |
ii
| ● | we may be found to have infringed on the intellectual property of others, which could expose us to substantial losses or restrict our operations; |
| ● | we may face liability for hosting a variety of tortious or unlawful materials uploaded by third parties, notwithstanding the liability protections of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act of 1996; |
| ● | we may face negative publicity for removing, or declining to remove, certain content, regardless of whether such content violated any law; |
| ● | our traffic growth, engagement, and monetization depend upon effective operation within and compatibility with operating systems, networks, devices, web browsers and standards, including mobile operating systems, networks, and standards that we do not control; |
| ● | our business depends on continued and unimpeded access to our content and services on the internet. If we or those who engage with our content experience disruptions in internet service, or if internet service providers are able to block, degrade or charge for access to our content and services, we could incur additional expenses and the loss of traffic and advertisers; |
| ● | we face significant market competition, and if we are unable to compete effectively with our competitors for traffic and advertising spend, our business and operating results could be harmed; |
| ● | changes to our existing content and services could fail to attract traffic and advertisers or fail to generate revenue; |
| ● | we depend on third-party vendors, including internet service providers, advertising networks, and data centers, to provide core services; |
| ● | hosting and delivery costs may increase unexpectedly; |
| ● | we have offered and intend to continue to offer incentives, including economic incentives, to content creators to join our platform, and these arrangements often involve fixed payment obligations that are not contingent on actual revenue or performance metrics generated by the applicable content creator but rather are typically based on our modeled financial projections for that creator, which if not satisfied may adversely impact our financial performance, results of operations and liquidity; |
| ● | we may be unable to develop or maintain effective internal controls; |
| ● | potential diversion of management’s attention and consumption of resources as a result of acquisitions of other companies and success in integrating and otherwise achieving the benefits of recent and potential acquisitions; |
| ● | we may fail to maintain adequate operational and financial resources or raise additional capital or generate sufficient cash flows; |
| ● | we may be adversely impacted by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors; |
| ● | changes in tax rates, changes in tax treatment of companies engaged in e-commerce, the adoption of new tax legislation, or exposure to additional tax liabilities may adversely impact our financial results; |
| ● | compliance obligations imposed by new privacy laws, laws regulating social media platforms and online speech in the U.S. and Canada, or industry practices may adversely affect our business; and |
| ● | other risks and uncertainties indicated in this Quarterly Report, including those under "Item 1A. Risk Factors” herein, and other filings that we have made or will make with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC”). |
iii
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |
1
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |
Contents
2
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Comprehensive Loss | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
| For the three months ended March 31, | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||
| Cost of services (content, hosting and other) | $ | $ | ||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||||
| Finance costs | ||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||
| Foreign exchange loss | ||||||||
| Amortization and depreciation | ||||||||
| Total expenses | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Share of profit from joint venture | ||||||||
| Changes in fair value of warrant liability | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income tax recovery (expense) | ||||||||
| Deferred tax recovery (expense) | ||||||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Loss per share: | ||||||||
| Basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Weighted-average shares used to compute loss per share: | ||||||||
| Basic | ||||||||
| Diluted | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
3
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Condensed Consolidated Interim Balance Sheets | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Marketable securities | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other, long term | ||||||||
| Capital assets | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Intangible assets | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred revenue | ||||||||
| Lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Income taxes payable | ||||||||
| Warrant liability | ||||||||
| Lease liabilities, long-term | ||||||||
| Other liability | ||||||||
Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Common shares | ||||||||
| Deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
On behalf of the Board:
| ________________________ | Director | _______________________ | Director |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
4
| Rumble Inc. | |
Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
| Number of Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legacy Rumble Class A | Legacy Rumble Class B | Class A | Class B | Class C | Class D | Legacy Rumble Class A | Legacy Rumble Class B | Class A | Class B | Class C | Class D | Additional
Paid-in Capital | Deficit | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share based payments | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance March 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share based payments | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
5
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
| For the three months ended March 31, | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Cash flows provided by (used in) | ||||||||
| Operating activities | ||||||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss for the period | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flows used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Amortization and depreciation | ||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||||
| Non-cash portion of operating lease costs | ||||||||
| Repayment of lease liabilities | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Loss on change in fair value of warrants | ||||||||
| Share of profit from joint venture | ( |
) | ||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Prepaid expenses | ( |
) | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ( |
) | ||||||
| ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||
| Investing activities | ||||||||
| Purchase of capital assets | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Purchase of intangible assets | ( |
) | ||||||
| ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||
| Decrease in cash and cash equivalents during the period | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for interest | ||||||||
| Cash paid for lease liabilities | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
6
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 1. | Overview and Basis of Presentation |
Nature of Operations
Rumble Inc. ("Rumble”, "the Company”, or "the Group”) is a full-service video technology provider offering customizable video players, original content videos, and a library of advertisements for use with its video players. The Company’s registered office is located at 444 Gulf of Mexico Drive, Longboat Key, Florida, 34228. The Company’s shares of Class A common stock and warrants are traded on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "RUM” and "RUMBW”, respectively.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements (the "financial statements”) are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP”) and include the results of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative guidance found in the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update ("ASU”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. These financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is the functional currency of the Company, except where otherwise indicated.
These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 ("Annual Financial Statements”). These financial statements have been prepared using the same accounting policies that were described in Note 3 to the Annual Financial Statements.
The board of directors of the Company approved these condensed consolidated interim financial statements on May 12, 2023.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates the estimates used, which include but are not limited to the: evaluation of revenue recognition criteria; collectability of accounts receivable; valuation of share-based compensation awards; valuation of financial instruments measured at fair value through profit and loss; assessment and recoverability of long-lived assets; useful lives of long-lived assets, including goodwill; and the realization of tax assets, estimates of tax liabilities, and valuation of deferred taxes. These estimates, judgments, and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the impact of any revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which such revisions are made. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates, judgments, or assumptions, and such differences could be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
7
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Accounting standards adopted
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This guidance was subsequently amended by ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements, ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements, ASU 2019-05, Targeted Transition Relief, ASU 2019-10, Effective Dates, and ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements. These ASUs are effective for Smaller Reporting Companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods therein. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2023. The adoption did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
| 3. | Revenue from Contracts with Customers |
The following table presents revenues disaggregated by type:
| Three months
ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Advertising | $ | $ | ||||||
| Licensing and other | ||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
Deferred Revenue
Deferred
revenue recorded at March 31, 2023 is expected to be fully recognized by March 31, 2024. The deferred revenue balance as of March 31,
2023 was $
8
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 4. | Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities |
Cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consist of the following:
| March 31, 2023 | ||||||
| Contracted | ||||||
| Maturity | Balance | |||||
| Cash | Demand | $ | ||||
| Treasury bills and money market funds | Demand | |||||
| $ | ||||||
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||
| Contracted | ||||||
| Maturity | Balance | |||||
| Cash | Demand | $ | ||||
| Treasury bills and money market funds | Demand | |||||
| $ | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents are carried at amortized cost, which approximates their fair market value.
Marketable
securities consist of term deposits of $
As
of March 31, 2023, the Group entered into a guarantee/ standby letter of credit for $
| 5. | Capital Assets |
March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Computer hardware | $ | $ | ||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | ||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net carrying value | $ | $ | ||||||
Depreciation
expense on capital assets totaled $
9
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 6. | Right-of-Use Assets and Lease Liabilities |
The Group leases several facilities under non-cancelable operating leases with no right of renewal. Our leases have original lease periods expiring between 2023 and 2027. The lease agreements generally do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Accumulated | Accumulated | |||||||||||||||
| Cost | Depreciation | Cost | Depreciation | |||||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Net book value | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Operating
lease costs were $
As
of March 31, 2023 the weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average incremental borrowing rate for the operating leases
were
The following table shows the undiscounted cash flows for the remaining years under the lease arrangement as at March 31, 2023.
| 2023 | $ | ||||
| 2024 | |||||
| 2025 | |||||
| 2026 | |||||
| 2027 | |||||
| Less: imputed interest* | |||||
| Current portion | $ | ||||
| Long-term portion | $ |
| * |
10
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 7. | Intangible Assets |
| March 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | ||||||||||
| Intellectual property | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Domain name | ||||||||||||
| Brand | ||||||||||||
| Technology | ||||||||||||
| Internal-use software | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net
Carrying Amount | ||||||||||
| Intellectual property | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Domain name | ||||||||||||
| Brand | ||||||||||||
| Technology | ||||||||||||
| Internal-use software | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
Amortization
expense related to intangible assets was $
| 8. | Warrant Liability |
Warrant
liability comprises of warrants issued by the Company in public offerings, private placements, and forward purchase contracts. As of
March 31, 2023, the number of warrants and weighted-average exercise price were
The warrants are exercisable and will expire September 16, 2027, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
All the Company’s warrants that are classified as liabilities are publicly traded and are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The change in fair value of the warrants are as follows:
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | |||
| Change in fair value | ||||
| Balance, March 31, 2023 | $ |
11
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 9. | Other Liability |
The
Company has received certain amounts from a third party to assist with certain operating expenditures of the Company. These amounts are
to be repaid upon settlement of those expenditures, are non-interest bearing, and have been treated as a long-term liability. As of March
31, 2023, an amount of $
| 10. | Shareholders’ Equity |
Common and Preference Shares
Authorized
The
Company is authorized to issue
| (i) |
| (ii) |
| (iii) |
| (iv) |
Issued and outstanding
The following shares of common stock are issued and outstanding at:
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Number | Amount | Number | Amount | |||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Class C Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Class D Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Certain
shareholders are eligible to receive up to an aggregate of
12
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 11. | Share-Based Compensation Expense |
Share-based compensation expenses are summarized as follows:
Three months ended March 31, 2023 | Three
months ended March 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Restricted stock units | $ | $ | ||||||
| Stock options | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
During
the three months ended March 31, 2023, share-based compensation expense recognized in cost of services was $
Restricted Stock Units
The following table reflects the continuity of restricted stock units ("RSUs”) transactions during the three months ended March 31, 2023:
| Three
months ended March 31, 2023 | ||||||||
| Number | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||
| Outstanding, beginning of year | $ | |||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Forfeited | ||||||||
| Outstanding, end of period | $ | |||||||
The
total unrecognized compensation cost for the RSUs issued is $
Stock Options
The following table reflects the continuity of stock option transactions during the three months ended March 31, 2023:
| Three
months ended March 31, 2023 | ||||||||
| Number | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||
| Outstanding, beginning of year | $ | |||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | ) | ||||||
| Outstanding, end of period | $ | |||||||
| Vested and exercisable | $ | |||||||
13
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 11. | Share-Based Compensation Expense (Continued) |
Stock Options (Continued)
Additionally,
the option holders are eligible to receive up to an aggregate of
The
total unrecognized compensation cost for stock options issued as at March 31, 2023 is $
The
weighted average fair value of the outstanding options as of March 31, 2023 was $
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Exercise | Share | Exercise | Share | |||||||||||||
| Expiry | Price | Options | Price | Options | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2031 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2031 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2031 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2032 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2032 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2040 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2041 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| 12. | Loss per Share |
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to the Company by the weighted-average number of Class A and Class C Common Stock outstanding, excluding those held in escrow as these are deemed to be contingently returnable shares that must be returned if the earnout contingency is not met, in line with guidance within ASC 260-10-45, Earnings per Share – Presentation, Other Presentation Matters, during the three month period. Shares of Class D Common Stock do not share in earnings and not participating securities (i.e. non-economic shares) and therefore, have been excluded from the calculation of weighted-average number of shares outstanding.
14
| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 12. | Loss per Share (Continued) |
Diluted loss per share is computed giving effect to all potentially dilutive shares. Diluted loss per share for all periods presented is the same as basic loss per share as the inclusion of potentially issuable shares would be antidilutive.
| 13. | Commitments and Contingencies |
Commitments
The
Company has minimum contractual cash commitments of approximately $
In addition to the minimum contractual cash commitments, the Company has programming and content agreements that have variable cost arrangements. These future costs are dependent upon many factors and are difficult to anticipate, however, these costs may be substantial.
Legal Proceedings
In the normal course of business, to facilitate transactions in services and products, the Company indemnifies certain parties. The Company has agreed to hold certain parties harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants, or out of intellectual property infringement or other claims made against certain parties. Several of these agreements limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors, and its bylaws contain similar indemnification obligations to its agents.
Furthermore, many of the Company’s agreements with its customers and partners require the Company to indemnify them for certain intellectual property infringement claims against them, which would increase costs as a result of defending such claims, and may require that we pay significant damages if there were an adverse ruling in any such claims. Customers and partners may discontinue the use of the Company’s services and technologies as a result of injunctions or otherwise, which could result in loss of revenues and adversely impact the business.
It is not possible to make a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no material indemnification claims that were probable or reasonably possible.
As of March 31, 2023, Rumble had received notification of several claims including (1) a lawsuit against the Company and one of its shareholders seeking a variety of relief including rescission of a share redemption sale agreement with the Company or damages alleged to be worth $419 million, (2) a patent infringement lawsuit against the Company, (3) a putative class action lawsuit alleging violations of the Video Privacy Protection Act in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida and (4) a litigation demand alleging the Company used voting procedures in violation of Delaware General Corporation Law Section 242(b)(2) when shareholders approved certain amendments to Rumble’s charter in connection with the Company’s de-SPAC transaction.
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| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 13. | Commitments and Contingencies (Continued) |
The Company is defending the claims and considers that the likelihood that it will be required to make a payment to plaintiffs to be remote.
| 14. | Financial Instrument Risks |
Credit and Concentration Risk
Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. The Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from the possibility that a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument defaults on their financial obligations or if there is a concentration of transactions carried out with the same counterparty. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk include cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable.
The Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities are held in reputable banks in its country of domicile and management believes the risk of loss to be remote.
The
Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by its customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount,
do not bear interest, and do not require collateral. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, one customer accounted for $
The allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2023 was $ (December 31, 2022 - $).
| 15. | Related Party Transactions |
The Company’s related parties include directors, shareholders and key management.
During the three months ended March 31,
2023, compensation to related parties totalled $
The
Company incurred related party expenses for personnel services of $
Additionally,
the Company owns $
There were no other related party transactions during these periods.
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| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 16. | Segment Information |
Disclosure
requirements about segments of an enterprise establish standards for reporting information regarding operating segments in the condensed
consolidated interim financial statements. These requirements include presenting selected information for each segment. Operating segments
are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief
operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s chief decision-maker
is its chief executive officer. The Company and its chief decision-maker view the Company’s operations and manage its business as
The following presents the revenue by geographic region:
| Three
months ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| United States | $ | $ | ||||||
| Canada | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
The Company tracks assets by physical location. Long-lived assets consists of capital assets, net, and are shown below:
March 31, 2022 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| United States | $ | $ | ||||||
| Canada | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
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| Rumble Inc. | |
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements | |
| (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |
| (Unaudited) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
| 17. | Reclassifications of Previously Issued Financial Statements |
Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified in the condensed consolidated interim statements to conform to the current year presentation. There has been no impact on previously reported net loss or shareholders’ equity from such reclassifications.
The following table summarizes the impact of the reclassification adjustments on the Company’s condensed consolidated interim statement of comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4/A filed with the SEC on August 9, 2022.
| As previously reported | Adjustments | As reclassified | ||||||||||
| Condensed consolidated interim statement of comprehensive loss for the three months ended: | ||||||||||||
| March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Cost of services (content, hosting, and other) | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Amortization and depreciation | ||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| 18. | Subsequent Events |
On
May 15, 2023, the Company acquired
Subsequent
to the end of the quarter, the Company entered into additional programming and content agreements with a minimum contractual cash commitment
of $
In accordance with ASC 855, the Company’s management reviewed all material events through May 12, 2023, and there were no material subsequent events other than those disclosed above.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and the related notes included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to those differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the sections titled "1A. Risk Factors” and "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and those discussed in our other filings with the SEC. Additionally, our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in any future period. Amounts are presented in U.S. dollars. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” to "we,” "our,” "Rumble” and "the Company” refer to the business and operations of Rumble Canada Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Business Combination and to Rumble Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Business Combination.
Overview
We are a high growth, video sharing platform designed to help content creators manage, distribute, and monetize their content by connecting them with brands, publishers, and directly to their subscribers and followers. Our registered office is 444 Gulf of Mexico Drive, Longboat Key, Florida, 34228. Our shares of Class A common stock and warrants are traded on The Nasdaq Global Market ("Nasdaq”) under the symbols "RUM” and "RUMBW”, respectively.
Significant Events and Transactions
As previously announced, on December 1, 2021, CF Acquisition Corp. VI, a Delaware corporation ("CFVI”), and Rumble Inc., a corporation formed under the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada ("Legacy Rumble”), entered into a business combination agreement (the "Business Combination”). On September 16, 2022, CFVI and Legacy Rumble consummated the business combination contemplated by the business combination agreement. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, CFVI changed its name from CF Acquisition Corp. VI to Rumble Inc. and Legacy Rumble changed its name from Rumble Inc. to Rumble Canada Inc.
Refer to Note 2, Significant Events and Transactions, to the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 ("Annual Financial Statements”)
Revenues
We generate revenues primarily from advertising and licensing fees. The revenues are generated by delivering content either via our own or third-party platforms. As with the past two years, our focus remains on growing users and usage consumption — and not maximizing revenue — while continuing to experiment with various levers to grow revenue.
Advertising fees are generated by delivering both display advertisements and cost-per-message-read advertisements. Display advertisements are placed on Rumble and third-party publisher websites or mobile applications. Customers pay for advertisements either directly or through relationships with advertising agencies or resellers, based on the number of impressions delivered or the number of actions such as clicks, or purchases taken, by our users. We recognize revenue from display advertisements when a user engages with the advertisement, through an impression, click, or purchase. For cost-per-message-read advertising, customers pay to have their products or services promoted by a content creator and advertising revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is fulfilled, usually when the message is read.
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Licensing fees are charged on a per video or on a flat-fee per month basis. Licensing fee revenue is recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied in line with the nature of the intellectual property being licensed.
Other revenues include fees earned from tipping features within the Company’s platform as well as certain cloud, subscription, platform hosting and professional services. Fees from tipping features are recognized at a point in time when a user tips on the platform. Both cloud and subscription services are recognized over time for the duration of the contract. Revenues related to platform hosting are recognized over time as the Company provides access to the platform. Professional service revenues have stand-alone functionality to the customer and are recognized at a point in time as services are provided or earned.
Refer to Note 3, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Annual Financial Statements.
Expenses
Expenses primarily include cost of services, general and administrative, research and development, sales and marketing, finance costs, share-based compensation, foreign exchange gain or loss, and amortization and depreciation. The most significant component of our expenses on an ongoing basis are programming and content, service provider costs, and staffing-related costs.
We expect to continue to invest substantial resources to support our growth and anticipate that each of the following categories of expenses will increase in absolute dollar amounts for the foreseeable future.
Cost of Services
Cost of services consists of costs related to obtaining, supporting and hosting the Company’s product offerings. These costs primarily include:
| ● | Programming and content costs related to payments to content providers from whom video and other content are licensed. These costs are paid to these providers based on revenues generated, or in fixed amounts. In certain circumstances, we incur additional costs related to incentivizing top content creators to promote and join our platform. |
| ● | Other cost of services include third-party service provider costs such as data center and networking, staffing costs directly related to professional services fees, and costs paid to publishers. |
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits and bonuses related to our executives, finance team, and administrative employees. It also includes legal and professional fees, business insurance costs, operating lease costs and other costs. As a public company, we expect to continue to incur additional costs related to compliance with applicable securities and other regulations including audit and accounting fees, legal, insurance, investor relations and other costs.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits, employee bonuses and consultant fees related to our development activities to originate, develop and enhance our platforms.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of costs related to salaries, employee benefits, employee bonuses, consultant fees, direct marketing costs related to the promotion of our platforms/solutions. Sales and marketing expenses are expected to increase over time as we promote our platform, increase marketing activities, grow domestic and international operations, and continues to build brand awareness.
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Finance Costs
Finance costs consist of transaction expenses related to the Business Combination and other financing rounds.
Share-based Compensation Expenses
Share-based compensation expenses consist of the recognition of expense for equity awards such as restricted stock units and/ or stock options that are subject to certain performance or service conditions.
Foreign Exchange Gains and Losses
Foreign exchange gains and losses relates to gains and losses on transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar that are remeasured using the end-of-period exchange rates or exchanges rates prevailing at the date of the transaction.
Amortization and Depreciation
Amortization and depreciation represents the recognition of costs of assets used in operations, including capital assets and intangible assets, over their estimated service lives.
Non-Operating Income and Other Items
Interest Income
Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. We invest in highly liquid securities such as money market funds, treasury bills and term deposits.
Share of Profit from Joint Venture
Share of profit from joint venture consists of the profits earned from a 30% membership interest in a joint venture based in Florida, USA named Liberatio Special Ventures LLC ("Liberatio”).
Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability
We account for our outstanding warrants in accordance with guidance contained in ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity ("ASC 815-40”), under which the warrants issued in connection with the public offerings, private placements, and forward purchase contract ("FPA”) entered into with CFAC Holdings VI, LLC (such contract, the "FPA”) do not meet the criteria for equity classification, and must be recorded as liabilities. As these warrants meet the definition of a liability under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815”), they are measured at fair value at inception and each reporting date in accordance with the guidance in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820”), with any subsequent changes in fair value recognized in the statement of operations in the period of change.
Income Tax Recovery (Expense)
Income tax recovery (expense) consists of changes in our deferred tax assets and current income taxes.
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Key Business Metrics
To analyze our business performance, determine financial forecasts and help develop long-term strategic plans, we review the key business metrics described below.
Monthly Active Users ("MAUs”)
We use MAUs as a measure of audience engagement to help us understand the volume of users engaged with our content on a monthly basis. MAUs represent the total web and app users of Rumble for each month, which allows us to measure our total user base calculated from data provided by Google, a third-party analytics provider, using company-set parameters such as excluding users who access content on Rumble through "embedded” videos on domains other than rumble.com. We have used Google Analytics since we first began publicly reporting MAU statistics, and the resulting data have not been independently verified. There is a potential for minor overlap in the resulting data due to users who access Rumble’s content from both the web and the app in a given measurement period; however, given that we believe this minor overlap to be immaterial, we do not separately track or report "unique users” as distinct from MAUs. MAUs do not include embedded video, certain connected TV users, or users of the Locals platform. We also do not separately report the number of users who register for accounts in any given period, which is different from MAUs. Like many other major social media companies, we rely on significant paid advertising in order to attract users to our platform; however, we cannot be certain that all or substantially all activity that results from such advertising is genuine. Spam activity, including inauthentic and fraudulent user activity, if undetected, may contribute, from time to time, to some amount of overstatement of our performance indicators, including reporting of MAUs by our third-party analytics provider. We continually seek to improve our ability to estimate the total number of spam-generated users, and we eliminate material activity that is substantially likely to be spam from the calculation of our MAUs. We will not, however, succeed in identifying and removing all spam.
MAUs were 48 million on average in the first quarter of 2023, an increase of 17% from the first quarter of 2022. This growth is attributable to: our growing pool of content, content creators and formats; and our value proposition as competing platforms continue to censor and cancel the voices of creators. The decline in MAUs from the third and fourth quarters of 2022 is primarily the result of: a) certain popular creators being less active on Rumble during the first quarter of 2023 and b) the U.S. mid-term elections during the fourth quarter of 2022 and the subsequent slowdown of news and politics during the first quarter of 2023.
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Estimated Minutes Watched Per Month ("MWPM”)
We use estimated MWPM as a measure of audience engagement to help us understand the volume of engagement with our content on a monthly basis. Estimated MWPM represents the monthly average number of minutes watched within a quarterly period, which helps us measure the intensity of user engagement. Estimated MWPM is based on converting actual bandwidth consumption into minutes watched, using our management’s best estimate of video resolution quality mix and various encoding parameters. We continually seek to improve our best estimates based on our observations of creator and user behavior on the Rumble platform, which changes based on the introduction of new product features, including livestreaming. We are currently limited, however, in our ability to collect data from certain aspects of our systems while we seek to improve our measurement capabilities. These limits may result in errors that are difficult to quantify, especially as the proportion of livestreaming on the Rumble platform increases over time, until we are able to measure MWPM directly. Bandwidth consumption includes video traffic across the entire Rumble platform (website, apps, embedded video, connected TV, etc.), as well as what our management believes is a nominal amount of non-video traffic. Starting in the second quarter of 2022 we began transitioning a portion of Locals’ bandwidth consumption to our infrastructure. While this currently represents an immaterial amount of consumption, we expect this to grow in the coming quarters.
Estimated MWPM was 10.8 billion on average in the first quarter of 2023, an increase of 3% from the first quarter of 2022. This growth is attributable to: our growing pool of content creators; our value proposition as competing platforms continue to censor and cancel the voices of creators; and a number of new platform features.
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Hours of Uploaded Video Per Day
We use the amount of hours of uploaded video per day as a measure of content creation to help us understand the volume of content being created and uploaded to us on a daily basis.
Hours of uploaded video per day were 11,181 on average in the first quarter 2023, an increase of 82% from the first quarter of 2022. This growth is attributable to: our growing pool of content creators; our value proposition as competing platforms continue to censor and cancel the voices of creators; and a number of new platform features.
We regularly review, have adjusted in the past, and may in the future adjust our processes for calculating our key business metrics to improve their accuracy, including through the application of new data or technologies or product changes that may allow us to identify previously undetected spam activity. As a result of such adjustments, our key business metrics may not be comparable period-over-period.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated interim statements of comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and the dollar and percentage change between the two periods:
| For the three months ended March 31, | 2023 | 2022 | Variance ($) | Variance (%) | ||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 17,615,375 | $ | 4,044,765 | $ | 13,570,610 | 336 | % | ||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of services (content, hosting and other) | $ | 26,014,365 | $ | 3,742,570 | $ | 22,271,795 | 595 | % | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 6,900,545 | 1,540,367 | 5,360,178 | 348 | % | |||||||||||
| Research and development | 2,550,561 | 792,332 | 1,758,229 | 222 | % | |||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 3,297,079 | 810,505 | 2,486,574 | 307 | % | |||||||||||
| Finance costs | - | 810,817 | (810,817 | ) | (100 | )% | ||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 1,800,135 | 16,986 | 1,783,149 | 10,498 | % | |||||||||||
| Foreign exchange loss | 15,906 | 27,577 | (11,671 | ) | (42 | )% | ||||||||||
| Amortization and depreciation | 681,074 | 225,627 | 455,447 | 202 | % | |||||||||||
| Total expenses | 41,259,665 | 7,966,781 | 33,292,884 | 418 | % | |||||||||||
| Loss from operations | (23,644,290 | ) | (3,922,016 | ) | (19,722,274 | ) | 503 | % | ||||||||
| Interest income | 3,307,927 | 8,698 | 3,299,229 | 37,931 | % | |||||||||||
| Changes in fair value of warrant liability | (8,331,750 | ) | - | (8,331,750 | ) | NM | * | |||||||||
| Share of profit of a joint venture | - | 1,124 | (1,124 | ) | (100 | )% | ||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (28,668,113 | ) | (3,912,194 | ) | (24,755,919 | ) | 633 | % | ||||||||
| Income tax recovery (expense) | - | - | - | NM | * | |||||||||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $ | (28,668,113 | ) | $ | (3,912,194 | ) | $ | (24,755,919 | ) | 633 | % | |||||
NM* - Percentage change not meaningful.
Revenues
Revenues increased by $13.6 million to $17.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, of which $11.8 million is attributable to higher advertising revenue and $1.8 million is attributable to higher licensing and other revenue. The increase in advertising revenue was driven by an increase in consumption as well as the introduction of new advertising solutions for creators, publishers and advertisers, including host read advertising and our online advertising management exchange ("Rumble Advertising Center” or "RAC”), both of which we started to build and test in the second half of 2022. The increase in licensing and other revenue was driven by tipping features within our platform as well as certain cloud, subscription, platform hosting fees, and provision of one-time content.
Cost of Services
Cost of services increased by $22.3 million to $26.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was due to an increase in programming and content costs of $21.1 million, hosting expenses of $0.5 million, and other service costs of $0.7 million.
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General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $5.4 million to $6.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was due to a $1.4 million increase in staffing-related costs, as well as a $4.0 million increase in other administrative expenses, most of which are public company-related including accounting, legal, investor relations, insurance and other administrative services.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses increased by $1.8 million to $2.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was due to a $1.3 million increase in staffing-related costs, as well as a $0.5 million increase in costs related to computer software, hardware and other administrative expenses.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $2.5 million to $3.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was due to a $0.8 million increase in staffing-related and consulting service costs, as well as a $1.7 million increase in other marketing and public relations activities.
Finance Costs
Finance costs decreased by $0.8 million to zero in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease was attributable to transaction costs, which included legal and other professional fees related to the Business Combination that took place in 2022.
Share-based Compensation
Share-based compensation increased by $1.8 million to $1.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, due to the vesting of certain previously and newly granted restricted stock units and stock options.
Foreign Exchange Loss
Foreign exchange loss decreased by $11.7 thousand to $15.9 thousand in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to lower foreign currency rate fluctuation as we maintained the majority of our cash balance in its functional currency as of March 31, 2023.
Amortization and Depreciation
Amortization and depreciation increased by $0.5 million to $0.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022 as we continue to build out our infrastructure.
Interest Income
Interest income increased by $3.3 million to $3.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was due to carrying a higher balance in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as a result of the Business Combination.
Share of Profit from Joint Venture
Share of profit from joint venture decreased by an insignificant amount in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared three months ended March 31, 2022.
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Changes in Fair Value of Warrant Liability
Change in fair value of warrant liability decreased by $8.3 million resulting in a loss of $8.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease relates to the issuance of 8,050,000 warrants in connection with the public offerings, private placements, and FPA. As these warrants meet the classification of a financial liability in accordance with ASC 815-40, the related warrant liability is measured at its fair value, determined in accordance with ASC 820, at each reporting period. The fair value of this warrant liability was measured using the fair value of the Company’s warrants listed on the Nasdaq (Level 1 fair value hierarchy input). Refer to Note 2, Significant Events and Transactions, of the Annual Financial Statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically financed operations primarily through cash generated from operating activities and most recently through proceeds from financing. The primary short-term requirements for liquidity and capital are to fund general working capital and capital expenditures.
As of March 31, 2023, our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities balance was $326.3 million. Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities consist of cash on deposit with banks and amounts held in money market funds, treasury bills, and term deposits.
As we have consistently stated, we intend to use a substantial portion of funds that we have raised to acquire content by providing economic incentives, including minimum guaranteed earnings, to a limited number of content creators, including sports leagues. This content acquisition strategy will allow us to enter key content verticals and secure top content creators in those verticals before we have full monetization capabilities in place. Our present focus is to grow users and usage consumption and experiment with monetization levers, which may not maximize profitability in the immediate term, but which we believe positions our business for the long term. As a result, we expect this strategy will require us to consume a significant portion of our capital raised. The contracts we have signed to date obligate the Company to spend approximately $164 million related to programming and content. Of that amount, as of March 31, 2023, we had entered agreements with a minimum contractual cash commitment of $62 million. Subsequent to the end of the quarter, we entered additional agreements with a minimum contractual cash commitment of $102 million. A significant amount of these minimum contractual cash commitments will be paid over 12 to 48 months, commencing in 2023. In addition to the minimum contractual cash commitments, we have programming and content agreements that have variable cost arrangements. These future costs are dependent upon many factors and are difficult to anticipate, however, these costs may be substantial.
The following table presents a summary of the condensed consolidated interim statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:
| Three months ended March 31, | Variance | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in): | 2023 | 2022 | ($) | |||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | (9,979,001 | ) | $ | (3,717,779 | ) | $ | (6,261,222 | ) | |||
| Investing activities | (1,985,636 | ) | (1,750,949 | ) | (234,687 | ) | ||||||
| Decrease in cash and cash equivalents during the period | (11,964,637 | ) | (5,468,728 | ) | (6,495,909 | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 337,169,279 | 46,847,375 | 290,321,904 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 325,204,642 | $ | 41,378,647 | $ | 283,825,995 | ||||||
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Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily consisted of net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items, including a $8.3 million change in fair value of warrant liability and $2.3 million in share-based compensation, as well as changes in working capital. The increase in net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022 was mostly due to an increase in expenses partially offset by changes in working capital.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 mostly consisted of $2.0 million in purchases of capital assets and intangible assets. The increase in net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022 was mostly due to an increase in purchases of capital assets and internal-use software.
Summary of Quarterly Results
Information for the most recent quarters presented are as follows:
| Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 17,615,375 | $ | 19,957,025 | $ | 10,983,182 | $ | 4,399,312 | ||||||||
| Net and comprehensive loss | $ | (28,668,113 | ) | $ | (944,668 | ) | $ | (1,858,452 | ) | $ | (4,688,680 | ) | ||||
| Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 4,044,765 | $ | 2,939,548 | $ | 2,069,473 | $ | 2,124,879 | ||||||||
| Net and comprehensive loss | $ | (3,912,194 | ) | $ | (10,548,573 | ) | $ | (2,624,957 | ) | $ | (315,804 | ) | ||||
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Management Estimates
We prepare our condensed consolidated interim financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP”). The preparation of condensed consolidated interim financial statements also requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving our management’s judgments and estimates. Critical accounting policies and estimates are those that we consider the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations because they require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain.
We believe that the accounting policies described below involve a significant degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, we believe that these are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations. For further information, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
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Revenues
On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. To determine revenue recognition for contractual arrangements that we determine are within the scope of ASC 606, we perform the following five steps: (1) identify each contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the relevant performance obligation is satisfied. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration to which we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we provide to the customer.
We generate revenues primarily from advertising and licensing fees. The revenues are generated by delivering content either via our own or third-party platforms.
Advertising fees are generated by delivering both display advertisements and cost-per-message-read advertisements. Display advertisements are placed on Rumble and third-party publisher websites or mobile applications. Customers pay for advertisements either directly or through their relationships with advertising agencies or resellers, based on the number of impressions delivered or the number of actions such as clicks, or purchases taken, by our users. The Company recognizes revenue from display advertisements when a user engages with the advertisement, such as an impression, click, or purchase. For cost-per-message-read advertising, customers pay to have their products or services promoted by a content creator and advertising revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is fulfilled, usually when the message is read.
Licensing fees are charged on a per video or on a flat-fee per month basis. Licensing fee revenue is recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied in line with the nature of the intellectual property being licensed.
Other revenues include fees earned from tipping features within the Company’s platform as well as certain cloud, subscription, platform hosting, and professional services. Fees from tipping features are recognized at a point in time when a user tips on the platform. Both cloud and subscription services are recognized over time for the duration of the contract. Revenues related to platform hosting are recognized over time as the Company provides access to the platform. Professional service revenues have stand-alone functionality to the customer and are recognized at a point in time as services are provided or earned.
Share-Based Compensation Expenses
Stock Options
We estimate the fair value of stock options granted to employees, advisory board members, directors, officers, and consultants using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model ("BSM”). The grant date fair value of stock options is recognized as share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Forfeitures are accounted for when they occur.
BSM considers several variables and assumptions in estimating the fair value of stock-based awards. These variables include:
Fair Value of Common Stock: Because Legacy Rumble Class A common shares (also referred to as "Rumble’s common stock” below) were not publicly traded prior to the closing of the Business Combination, we estimated the fair value of our common stock in 2019, 2020 and 2021 using Level 3 inputs as defined in the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy. Our board of directors considers several objective and subjective factors to determine the fair value of our common stock as discussed in "Common Stock Valuations” below. Fair value of Rumble’s Class A common shares following the closing of the Business Combination is determined based on the Nasdaq closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock as at the date of measurement.
Expected Term: The expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and was determined to be the contractual term of the options.
Expected Volatility: Since we have only a limited trading history of our common stock, the expected volatility was derived from the average historical stock volatilities of several public companies within our industry that we consider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants.
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Risk-Free Interest Rate: The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with the remaining term equivalent to the expected term.
Expected Dividend: We have not paid any dividends in our history and do not expect to pay any dividends over the life of the options and, therefore, have estimated the dividend yield to be zero.
Common Stock Valuations
Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, given the absence of a public trading market for our common stock and in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Accounting and Valuation Guide, Valuation of Privately Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, our board of directors determined the best estimate of fair value of our common stock exercising reasonable judgment and considering numerous objective and subjective factors. These factors included:
| ● | the valuation at which we conducted our most recent rounds of equity financing; |
| ● | contemporaneous third-party valuations of our common stock; |
| ● | the transaction prices at which we or other holders sold our common stock to outside investors in arms-length transactions; |
| ● | our financial condition, results of operations and capital resources; |
| ● | the industry outlook; |
| ● | consideration that the options awarded reflected rights in illiquid securities in the private company; |
| ● | the valuation of comparable companies; |
| ● | the lack of marketability of our common stock; |
| ● | the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering or a sale of us given prevailing market conditions; |
| ● | the history and nature of our business, industry trends and the competitive environment; and |
| ● | the general economic outlook, including with respect to economic growth, inflation, unemployment, the interest rate environment and global economic trends. |
Our board of directors determined the fair value of our common stock by first determining the enterprise value of our business, and then using the enterprise value to derive the per share value of our common stock.
The enterprise value of our business was estimated by considering several factors, including estimates using the market approach. The market approach was estimated based on the projected value of comparable public companies in a similar line of business that are publicly traded. In addition to the market approach described above, our board of directors factored in recent arms-length transactions such as the closest round of equity financing preceding the date of valuation.
After determining our enterprise value, an allocation of the enterprise value is assigned to each of our various classes of shares with consideration of the different rights associated with each share class, including liquidation preferences, seniority of shares, and conversion rights. The value attributed to common shares through this allocation determines the per share value of our common stock. The BSM implementation of the option pricing method treats the rights of holders of various classes of securities (common shares, preferred shares, warrants, and options) as call options on any value of the Company above a series of break points. The values of the break points were calculated by reviewing the liquidation preferences of preferred shares (including seniority of any series of preferred shares), the participation rights of preferred shares (including any caps on such participation), and the strike prices of warrants and options.
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Application of these approaches involves the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that are highly complex and subjective, such as those regarding discount rates, market multiples, the selection of comparable companies and the probability of possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions, or the relationships between those assumptions, impact our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of our common stock.
For valuations after the completion of the Business Combination, our board of directors determines the fair value of each share of underlying Class A common stock based on the closing price of Class A common stock as reported on the date of grant.
Warrants
Measurement of the Company’s warrants issued to purchase shares of Class A common stock post-closing of the Business Combination is based on the Nasdaq closing price of the Company’s warrants as at the date of measurement. Warrants issued to purchase common stock of Legacy Rumble prior to the closing of the Business Combination were freestanding financial instruments classified as equity, and measured using the BSM option pricing model, which included assumptions related to the inputs of exercise price, fair value of the underlying common stock, risk-free interest rate, expected term, expected volatility, and expected dividend yield, which were all determined in the same manner as our stock options detailed in the above "Stock Based Compensation Expenses” section. As the outstanding warrants (prior to the closing of the Business Combination) were also subject to a performance condition, management assessed the probability of the performance condition being met at each reporting date. These Legacy Rumble warrants were exchanged for 14,153,048 shares of Class A common stock of the Company as part of the Business Combination, for a par value of $731,281.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
JOBS Act Accounting Election
We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We intend to elect to adopt new or revised accounting standards under private company adoption timelines. Accordingly, the timing of our adoption of new or revised accounting standards will not be the same as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies or that have opted out of using such extended transition period and our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of public companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to certain market risks as part of our ongoing business operations.
Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit risk on our cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. We place cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities with financial institutions with high credit standing, and we place excess cash in money market funds, treasury bills, and deposits. We are exposed to credit risk on our accounts receivable in the event of default by a customer. We bill our customers under customary payment terms and review customers for their creditworthiness. The term between invoicing and payment due date is not significant. A meaningful portion of our revenue is attributable to service agreements with one customer. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, one customer accounted for $9.2 million and $1.2 million or 52% and 29% of revenue, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, one customer accounted for 58% of our accounts receivable (December 31, 2022 - 66%), which has been collected in the month of April 2023.
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Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. As of March 31, 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $326.3 million, consisting of investments in money market funds, treasury bills, and term deposits for which the fair market value would be affected by changes in the general level of interest rates. However, due to the short-term maturities and the low-risk profile of our investments, an immediate 10% change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair market value of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on this review and evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this Quarterly Report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
We are, and from time to time may become, involved in various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of our business activities, such as copyright infringement and tort claims arising from user-uploaded content, patent infringement claims, breach of contract claims, government demands, putative class actions based upon consumer protection or privacy laws and other matters. The amounts that may be recovered in such matters may be subject to insurance coverage.
On January 27, 2022, we received notification of a lawsuit filed by Kosmayer Investment Inc. ("KII”) against Rumble and Mr. Pavlovski in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, alleging fraudulent misrepresentation in connection with KII’s decision to redeem its shares of Rumble in August 2020. On June 3, 2022, we served our statement of defence, and KII filed a reply pleading on June 15, 2022. The case remains in discovery. KII is seeking rescission of such redemption such that, following such rescission, KII would own 20% of the issued and outstanding shares of Rumble or, in the alternative, damages for the lost value of the redeemed shares, which KII has alleged to be worth $419.0 million (based on the value ascribed to the shares of Rumble in the Business Combination), together with other damages including punitive damages and costs. The case remains in discovery. Although we believe that the allegations are meritless and intend to vigorously defend against them, the result or impact of such claim is uncertain, and could result in, among other things, damages, and/or awards of attorneys’ fees or expenses.
In January 2021, we filed an antitrust lawsuit against Google in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that Google unlawfully gives an advantage to its YouTube platform over Rumble in search engine results and in the mobile phone market. In June 2021, Google filed a partial motion to dismiss the lawsuit and a motion to strike; in July 2022, the court denied Google’s motion. The case is currently in discovery, with trial scheduled for November 4, 2024.
In August 2022, we received notification of a patent infringement lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida by Interactive Content Engines LLC ("ICE”), a non-practicing entity. On October 5, 2022, we filed our answer to ICE’s complaint and counterclaims asserting non-infringement and invalidity of the asserted patents. The court has scheduled a claim construction hearing for May 31, 2023. Although we believe that the allegations of infringement are meritless and intend to vigorously defend against them, the result or impact of such lawsuit is uncertain, and could result in, among other things, damages and/or awards of attorneys’ fees or expenses.
In October 2022, we received notification of a putative class action lawsuit alleging violations of the Video Privacy Protection Act in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. On March 13, 2023, the court denied our motion to dismiss the lawsuit. Although we believe that the allegations are meritless and intend to vigorously defend against them, the result or impact of the lawsuit is uncertain, and could result in, among other things, damages and/or awards of attorneys’ fees or expenses.
Along with co-plaintiff Eugene Volokh, on December 1, 2022, we filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York to block the enforcement of New York State’s Social Media Law. On February 14, 2023, the court granted our motion for a preliminary injunction, halting enforcement of the law; on March 13, 2023, the New York Attorney General filed a notice of her intent to appeal that decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
On February 17, 2023, we filed a petition in the Court of Chancery under 8 Del. C. §205, or Section 205 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "Petition”) to resolve potential uncertainty with respect to our authorized share capital that was introduced by a recent holding in Garfield v. Boxed, Inc., 2022 WL 17959766 (Del. Ch. Dec. 27, 2022). The Court of Chancery granted our petition on March 6, 2023, and entered an order that same day under 8 Del. C. §205 (1) declaring our current certificate of incorporation (the "Current Certificate of Incorporation”), including the filing and effectiveness thereof, as validated and effective retroactive to the date of its filing with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on September 15, 2022, and all amendments effected thereby and (2) ordering that our securities (and the issuance of the securities) described in the Petition and any other securities issued in reliance on the validity of the Current Certificate of Incorporation are validated and declared effective, each as of the original issuance dates. We have received a litigation demand concerning the subject matter of the Petition, which we now believe to be moot by virtue of the granting of the Petition.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors described under the caption "Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. You should carefully consider the risks, uncertainties and cautionary statements described therein, together with the other disclosures in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other public filings with the SEC. Any such risks and uncertainties, as well as risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial, may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Risks Relating to Our Business
We have offered and intend to continue to offer incentives, including economic incentives, to content creators to join our platform, and these arrangements often involve fixed payment obligations that are not contingent on actual revenue or performance metrics generated by the applicable content creator but rather are typically based on our modeled financial projections for that creator, which if not satisfied may adversely impact our financial performance, results of operations and liquidity.
Our user base and user engagement growth are directly driven by the content available on our platform. As part of our previously announced strategy, we intend to use a substantial portion of funds that we have raised to acquire content by providing economic incentives, including minimum guaranteed earnings, to a limited number of content creators, including sports leagues. This content acquisition strategy is intended to allow us to enter key content verticals and secure top content creators in those verticals before we have full monetization capabilities in place. Our present focus is to grow users and usage consumption and experiment with monetization levers, which may not maximize profitability in the immediate term, but which we believe positions our business for the long term. The contracts we have signed to date obligate the Company to spend approximately $164 million related to programming and content. Of that amount, as of March 31, 2023, we had entered agreements with a minimum contractual cash commitment of $62 million. Subsequent to the end of the quarter, we entered additional agreements with a minimum contractual cash commitment of $102 million. A significant amount of these minimum contractual cash commitments will be paid over 12 to 48 months, commencing in 2023. In addition to the minimum contractual cash commitments, we have programming and content agreements that have variable cost arrangements. These future costs are dependent upon many factors and are difficult to anticipate, however, these costs may be substantial. To the extent our revenue and/or user growth assumptions associated with any such creator does not meet our expectations, our financial performance, results of operations and liquidity may be negative impacted, since a failure to achieve these expectations is not expected to reduce our fixed payment obligations to any such creator.
Risks Related to the Legal and Regulatory Environment in Which We Operate
We may become subject to newly enacted laws and regulations that restrict content on the internet.
Canada’s Bill C-11, also known as the Online Streaming Act, will grant Canadian regulatory authorities significantly increased regulatory powers over all audiovisual content on the internet, including content on platforms like ours. The recent enactment of the Online Streaming Act is likely to limit the freedom of speech and artistic expression on the internet, which in turn may inhibit the growth of alternative and nontraditional platforms like Rumble relative to traditional media publishers and established technology platforms that feature stricter content moderation. Several U.S. states have also enacted legislation that regulates online content. For example, New York State’s Social Media Law, which aims to impose regulations on social media companies, was recently enjoined by a court, but is currently undergoing an appeal. In addition, the states of Utah and Arkansas have recently enacted legislation limiting the ability of minors to use online platforms without parental consent. Our business, financial performance and results of operations could be negatively affected by the impact of these laws and the costs of complying with them.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety DisclosureS.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
Not applicable.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.
The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report.
| * | Filed herewith |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| RUMBLE INC. | ||
| Date: May 15, 2023 | /s/ Chris Pavlovski | |
| Name: | Chris Pavlovski | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman | |
| Date: May 15, 2023 | /s/ Brandon Alexandroff | |
| Name: | Brandon Alexandroff | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
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Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Chris Pavlovski, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Rumble Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: May 15, 2023 | /s/ Chris Pavlovski |
| Chris Pavlovski | |
| Chief Executive Officer and Chairman |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Brandon Alexandroff, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Rumble Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: May 15, 2023 | /s/ Brandon Alexandroff |
| Brandon Alexandroff | |
| Chief Financial Officer |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Rumble Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Chris Pavlovski, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
| 1. | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
| 2. | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| Date: May 15, 2023 | /s/ Chris Pavlovski |
| Chris Pavlovski | |
| Chief Executive Officer and Chairman |
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Rumble Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Brandon Alexandroff, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
| 1. | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
| 2. | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| Date: May 15, 2023 | /s/ Brandon Alexandroff |
| Brandon Alexandroff | |
| Chief Financial Officer |